Housing

{"id":"LEG-2425-005-S","is_published":"2024-05-22T12:57:08.000000Z","release_date":"2024-05-22T13:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-05-22T18:19:34.000000Z","type":"LEG","internal_id":"LEG-2425-005-S","title_en":"Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance for Eligible New Purpose-built Rental Housing","title_fr":"D\u00e9duction pour amortissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 pour les nouveaux logements admissibles destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la location","slug":"LEG-2425-005-S--accelerated-capital-cost-allowance-eligible-new-purpose-built-rental-housing--deduction-amortissement-accelere-nouveaux-logements-admissibles-destines-location","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/LEG-2425-005-S--accelerated-capital-cost-allowance-eligible-new-purpose-built-rental-housing--deduction-amortissement-accelere-nouveaux-logements-admissibles-destines-location","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/LEG-2425-005-S--accelerated-capital-cost-allowance-eligible-new-purpose-built-rental-housing--deduction-amortissement-accelere-nouveaux-logements-admissibles-destines-location"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/LEG-2425-005-S--accelerated-capital-cost-allowance-eligible-new-purpose-built-rental-housing--deduction-amortissement-accelere-nouveaux-logements-admissibles-destines-location","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/LEG-2425-005-S--accelerated-capital-cost-allowance-eligible-new-purpose-built-rental-housing--deduction-amortissement-accelere-nouveaux-logements-admissibles-destines-location"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/48db7d437e4aa345204f60adc9fe87651ca03e33b6184d378857198d88722579"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/3365e2298e5da70d90c5d1eed712224612ec0466e7979f615b0dfa5eabc12a32"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/5510d6139e3fc8fc077a5cd8279afa75a132d2d1909273aa6eb4f63f3bbbbbfe","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/241c70416bf0e3b78381c91aaf992a8250ac0625f753b29c4216580625be79ba","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ea79f1921d5000b9aa2a844db205814a2c5671cdd98cbbab4c2c8ccd0b322830","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d9f94c2e2a287ccc456cc4810562697801bbf4d829d1bf4fa837fa9d5f95b819","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/a1fcc1c242f5a644b0b3afde31d0cc5fa6cbb4321c830a2aec7c204b36a9db7d","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ac419c3eb2b480e87b56cd9c79f2c851f404c41e9ba361b355c0a22f22703d3e","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/cd55e409ccfbed37d2f5a0b701266dcffc43d37adf5a171e6d1902ad89efae7f","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/e55478e91e1df7c18841ee70c46eaa83a65ddc4663e045712804e29424f2b140"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/5a09971f6b8feb9de5d4d25dcdb85afeafaf267c97249e13512f32322423c45d","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/b94d9027ccb4805868cdf9081be7d5c21400aaeef681df352d85d01bfed2279b","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/cd12658e2e61f39a0df8200d2ebafdb6c393be72bd6854e4ca9beae91053c0a7","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/29a19643f9c32a1acec28bd8bc32230a8c308a1da1d08231c9d7b8b7eb62ffb8","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d2f55ebe845ec7583d5f28cbacb52c35cd1b736ffeda7b3428b82d3769636fd3","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/258802fea6c7720c867a7dc2ede2aad4304f9664d4ce736f6441f024f8e74383","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/742a77c64e80d84100bc02c18be78b18236fa2e8c08cf638e41d23ce53407149","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/55857bb9cc6678cdc31a0e3a86c9fb0f3a7f3f99339adf13caa2248e2e00ea34"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"The accelerated capital cost allowance increases the maximum allowable rate of depreciation from 4 per cent to 10 per cent on eligible new purpose-built rental housing. Eligible properties must contain at least four private apartment units (or 10 private rooms); and at least 90 per cent of residential units must be held for long-term rental. To qualify, construction must begin after April 15, 2024, and be completed before January 1, 2036.\n\n*Revised: 2024-05-22 02:15 PM*","abstract_fr":"La d\u00e9duction pour amortissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 fait passer le taux d\u2019amortissement admissible maximal de 4 \u00e0 10 pour cent pour les nouveaux logements admissibles destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la location. Les immeubles admissibles doivent comporter au moins quatre appartements priv\u00e9s (ou dix chambres priv\u00e9es) et au moins 90 % des logements doivent \u00eatre destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la location \u00e0 long terme. Aux fins de l\u2019admissibilit\u00e9, la construction doit commencer apr\u00e8s le 15 avril 2024 et \u00eatre achev\u00e9e avant le 1er janvier 2036.\n\n*R\u00e9vis\u00e9e: 2024-05-22 14:15*","highlights":[]},"bills":[],"files":[],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-LEG2425005S,\n author={Vrhovsek, Zachary},\n title={Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance for Eligible New Purpose-built Rental Housing},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-LEG2425005S,\n author={Vrhovsek, Zachary},\n title={D\\\u0027{e}duction pour amortissement acc\\\u0027{e}l\\\u0027{e}r\\\u0027{e} pour les nouveaux logements admissibles destin\\\u0027{e}s \\`{a} la location},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2425-003-S","is_published":"2024-05-09T12:57:07.000000Z","release_date":"2024-05-09T13:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-05-09T12:57:07.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2425-003-S","title_en":"Foregone revenue from enhanced GST Rental Rebate on purpose-built rental housing","title_fr":"Manque \u00e0 gagner en raison de la bonification du remboursement de la TPS pour immeubles d\u2019habitation locatifs","slug":"RP-2425-003-S--foregone-revenue-from-enhanced-gst-rental-rebate-purpose-built-rental-housing--manque-gagner-raison-bonification-remboursement-tps-immeubles-habitation-locatifs","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2425-003-S--foregone-revenue-from-enhanced-gst-rental-rebate-purpose-built-rental-housing--manque-gagner-raison-bonification-remboursement-tps-immeubles-habitation-locatifs","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2425-003-S--foregone-revenue-from-enhanced-gst-rental-rebate-purpose-built-rental-housing--manque-gagner-raison-bonification-remboursement-tps-immeubles-habitation-locatifs"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2425-003-S--foregone-revenue-from-enhanced-gst-rental-rebate-purpose-built-rental-housing--manque-gagner-raison-bonification-remboursement-tps-immeubles-habitation-locatifs","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2425-003-S--foregone-revenue-from-enhanced-gst-rental-rebate-purpose-built-rental-housing--manque-gagner-raison-bonification-remboursement-tps-immeubles-habitation-locatifs"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/859c59342ccb7ad2630815c69aff4bba63a4557e1c2a84b328ddc2765f4e73f3"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/08feee461a2a8d3aa51cb19deadf9f1f8def87a3461f81b5c9aed0a36ec2d06e"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d3d71db884cc6bfde238c79994f8ca7aa9940b312e6815eadf4104e79a54d1ab","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/0aa137d6a85564ef8e2ffe26c580f10d9f68a0088ef891cad7f60c037d65bfc5","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/17bc6d1d991c5545f5203053e908f38371450e4f5b1f510c89c7d2ae42c4a3d0","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/a346ef4f5d7746a48e336c8a9c322b895ed3260680dcf47f0f5e8f55e7da1631","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/06585cea57585f554f032bd946f55c56a612deaba2f6e2ffccfca0f319357e4b","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/86301bfd660f0e3810369fd9ea7c2e705e680122ff3a91c27a14fbc878b5421f","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f4f11fbcf7c587bdd237834879a917696c3c5eb13d7f3b02dfe6d77a62faee8a","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/8b85a8b2c79445c4261899ba8a004cf9d54915503972f765311b6229b2dccc2b"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/30f0afb1ff7fa20984abc50378e13fd0ee9c115c248cb5a9905a163f966a0e3f","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/7971b313f16b18b016c15c26b23901ac59a99e4b5d86f25726f7faed57289eff","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/4c4d25297443aeafead7c28a1f0dc1d71ed980fc3ac69488aa75a12365bec05d","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/a21f9bbf27967b01916965994938c01ef10108cbfaf1cd07e2718c1565d47394","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f24e3f72e82c54e2d5275587d5ecc89b48764046badec3e7bdbab0ac7c40807d","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/637b18dfba053fc8ecdf0020df1bdfcca4db22694fa95842a0a3f156f47b3185","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/1eb09bdf13755f97de9d605b9567fa75c2c021ed7975e97d48da496c438dddcd","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/0cd391ae1708644b17fcb96d70769485fa9c3c07ccc9e40cd11a08373d50c22d"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"To help increase the construction of purpose-built rental units, the government introduced an enhancement to the goods and services tax (GST) Rental Rebate.\n\nTo be eligible for the enhanced rebate, construction must have begun between September 14, 2023 and December 31, 2030. Construction must be finished by December 31, 2035.\n\nThe PBO estimates that the total foregone GST due to this measure would be $5.8 billion between 2023-24 and 2028-29.","abstract_fr":"Pour favoriser la construction de logements locatifs, le gouvernement a instaur\u00e9 une bonification du remboursement de la taxe sur les produits et services (TPS) pour immeubles d\u2019habitation locatifs.\n\nPour donner droit au remboursement bonifi\u00e9, la construction doit avoir commenc\u00e9 entre le 14 septembre 2023 et le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2030. La construction doit \u00eatre achev\u00e9e au plus tard le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2035.\n\nLe DPB estime que le manque \u00e0 gagner attribuable \u00e0 la bonification du remboursement de la TPS s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait \u00e0 5,8 milliards de dollars entre 2023-2024 et 2028-2029.","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"To help increase the construction of purpose-built rental units, the government introduced an enhancement to the goods and services tax (GST) Rental Rebate.","fr":"Pour favoriser la construction de logements locatifs, le gouvernement a instaur\u00e9 une bonification du remboursement de la taxe sur les produits et services (TPS) pour immeubles d\u2019habitation locatifs."}},{"content":{"en":"The enhancement increases the amount of rebate given and the number of purpose-built rental units that will qualify for a rebate.","fr":"Cette bonification augmente le montant du remboursement accord\u00e9 et le nombre de logements construits express\u00e9ment pour la location admissibles \u00e0 un remboursement."}},{"content":{"en":"To be eligible for the enhanced rebate, construction must have begun between September 14, 2023 and December 31, 2030. Construction must be finished by December 31, 2035.","fr":"Pour \u00eatre admissible au remboursement bonifi\u00e9, la construction doit avoir commenc\u00e9 entre le 14 septembre 2023 et le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2030. La construction doit \u00eatre achev\u00e9e au plus tard le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2035."}},{"content":{"en":"The PBO estimates that the total foregone GST due to this measure would be $5.8 billion between 2023-24 and 2028-29.","fr":"Le directeur parlementaire du budget (DPB) estime que le manque \u00e0 gagner attribuable \u00e0 la bonification du remboursement de la TPS s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait \u00e0 5,8 milliards de dollars entre 2023-2024 et 2028-2029."}}]},"bills":[],"files":[],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-RP2425003S,\n author={Michalyshyn, Katarina},\n title={Foregone revenue from enhanced GST Rental Rebate on purpose-built rental housing},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-RP2425003S,\n author={Michalyshyn, Katarina},\n title={Manque \\`{a} gagner en raison de la bonification du remboursement de la TPS pour immeubles d\u2019habitation locatifs},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"LEG-2425-001-S","is_published":"2024-04-19T12:57:06.000000Z","release_date":"2024-04-19T13:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-19T12:57:06.000000Z","type":"LEG","internal_id":"LEG-2425-001-S","title_en":"Estimated revenues from the Underused Housing Tax","title_fr":"Estimation des recettes tir\u00e9es de la taxe sur les logements sous-utilis\u00e9s","slug":"LEG-2425-001-S--estimated-revenues-from-underused-housing-tax--estimation-recettes-tirees-taxe-logements-sous-utilises","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/LEG-2425-001-S--estimated-revenues-from-underused-housing-tax--estimation-recettes-tirees-taxe-logements-sous-utilises","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/LEG-2425-001-S--estimated-revenues-from-underused-housing-tax--estimation-recettes-tirees-taxe-logements-sous-utilises"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/LEG-2425-001-S--estimated-revenues-from-underused-housing-tax--estimation-recettes-tirees-taxe-logements-sous-utilises","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/LEG-2425-001-S--estimated-revenues-from-underused-housing-tax--estimation-recettes-tirees-taxe-logements-sous-utilises"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/8816d355e7da6f2dbc2cb0fa823a8e5a43ba0f2bf6d2fbad84bf69ea0477206c"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/11a97a6a8ea561b544fed7da72b1ed06c7201483881bb4a277ee86e8a05e91d0"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/0a06c1f851301955897f64cca396de8e0a920fe1e4560144c8e45c1c8a03d9ed","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/1214a1bf8062cb0dc542abdf2232ab1f88fae4917b8451fae2268f6d8546514d","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/b1c514e7fe1a9a3dbc878611df3bbc6ac830f7441fb18a4baba485497e2b3d95","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/19c32998f0ab736080e9c0b8e48b5458dde391e6eb5f2fdbe2e35289ae9b013b","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/0400d24a6edc9f04188ad83d991f828eeb4028388baad935570f7391a02b76b6","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/7e2084b13f620315dcc5fe850ac9e202fcf60f0fa23c5141e357f42617d61083","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/6663e95a135299ce69335d6474008b84163cb000b5921aaa231acae8b2318ccc","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/161f1aa978168874d4b41139ad72a53082403956934df75fe80025e5c92d0d1f"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/4b0cd76a32fee72016ca385c3f3eb77b1f5501cfb829dd4e32ce41e93a184c1d","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/43d2b368bf944bce58659ffdc6b3ae0162ed382ca8f36750b39bc2430880f0e3","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/1a84a42040a3dc158c6bb149d645d4c1e6938546eeda7a257a21f4fc63b83102","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/2437db45a7c9f5b8c434b03fecf9f1736c94f265b55542d798a81008ac866ad4","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/a346addf53c44261255df18ed22a2233880df9adf48fff0f08ce2779bb4396df","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/7f52f8cefa1dca12eeb452ce601aa3f3e8dfc7ae47121b4d9ce400673d5e5467","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/1f0324cb95484c26ddda6879101518aed08773b9edfd43a68532d4770ba6e461","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d8a2ed728cf9b3dfb7c74b582cec2a9709ab3f072f5754124c28785d283f5530"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"The Underused Housing Tax (UHT) is an annual federal 1% tax on the ownership of vacant or underused housing in Canada that took effect on January 1, 2022. Since then, there has been continued interest by Parliamentarians on the expected revenues generated by the UHT. Furthermore, in November 2023 the Department of Finance release legislative and regulatory proposals designed to facilitate compliance with the UHT.\n\nThe PBO estimates that the revenues generated from this tax will be $131.7 million in fiscal year 2023-24 and $693.9 million over a 5-year period.","abstract_fr":"La taxe sur les logements sous-utilis\u00e9s (TLSU), une taxe f\u00e9d\u00e9rale annuelle de 1 % impos\u00e9e aux propri\u00e9taires de logements vacants ou sous-utilis\u00e9s au Canada, est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 1er janvier 2022. Depuis, les parlementaires manifestent un int\u00e9r\u00eat soutenu pour les recettes que cette taxe devrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer. En outre, en novembre 2023, le minist\u00e8re des Finances a publi\u00e9 des propositions l\u00e9gislatives et r\u00e9glementaires visant \u00e0 faciliter l\u2019observation du r\u00e9gime de la TLSU.\n\nLe DPB estime que les revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par cette taxe s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8veront \u00e0 131,7 millions de dollars pour l\u2019exercice financier 2023-2024 et \u00e0 693,9 millions de dollars sur une p\u00e9riode de cinq ans.","highlights":[]},"bills":[],"files":[],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-LEG2425001S,\n author={Cl\\\u0027{e}ophat, R\\\u0027{e}gine and Perrault, Louis},\n title={Estimated revenues from the Underused Housing Tax},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-LEG2425001S,\n author={Cl\\\u0027{e}ophat, R\\\u0027{e}gine and Perrault, Louis},\n title={Estimation des recettes tir\\\u0027{e}es de la taxe sur les logements sous-utilis\\\u0027{e}s},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2024,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2425-001-S","is_published":"2024-04-11T12:57:03.000000Z","release_date":"2024-04-11T13:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-11T15:03:15.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2425-001-S","title_en":"Household Formation and the Housing Stock","title_fr":"La formation de m\u00e9nages et le stock de logements","slug":"RP-2425-001-S--household-formation-housing-stock--formation-menages-stock-logements","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2425-001-S--household-formation-housing-stock--formation-menages-stock-logements","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2425-001-S--household-formation-housing-stock--formation-menages-stock-logements"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2425-001-S--household-formation-housing-stock--formation-menages-stock-logements","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2425-001-S--household-formation-housing-stock--formation-menages-stock-logements"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/72373cf7d223df67d5884cc755f9669690804b177e4b990fd4ea1217cbc36dee"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/0b8774d1a1ccd8eae2a3673a5372e39cffd69ca1875c5e56bc0fff54dcdd30e6"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/41bc94bda22afc21718a0fa6d7142ee322835d295620575263263ca7f2267242","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/12055e9737b5b9205dfe1d619c8f0376e6941d1c4e849866bdb3ad60cba403f2","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/4f115224ffb1a87b9a7e7dfe6da331ded286428cbdd2456f603c9611f0d3ba5a","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/518a0cfad9f6e0ec174d93dcfb678646db64c58b0b6f4bb08fbabfc984c8206b","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/092581180c2c77239d5124ce94262587c3176e77020725212515bd00d0737393","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/20568c0d39c7dbd88b5732ddd858bad9630c34c4b69ad3f82a76dc20182dae84","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/5818c05d8ebe502b61467064ad59735cf97e66a06da0e994eb8e3773ea2b8b86","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/145f3d422052650c68f01638fa93a5b6d3a9552e933204e9e979417776c0f291"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f45664688b790555b1e6dcb9c64d1028cda76c47554857a3df3bf6f1aa514a5d","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d9487d30a58cb7628257589a639b7f2e3ee0d40383a7565e86b5a1148f21c40b","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/9be181c06c78b6bb76fce31a4a3f05b4fb02d20a8dfbb676a9d3118ad7629f36","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/c9634f8d5cc99815c944c86b4964e8e7c50cd90fd5a78a0f05dfbbe1cd90518e","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/155a3b16a247fc3fc57c43cefcda9c3f5dfc508be72b604dfe3d9d5010f42b10","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/603e11cf579e0953235aa0d51c759fb8997e1973cb79af39fed55e8f30ef265b","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ff197fcfb0c2db4bed0f89b30fbcf76db7e6077ed80e341e3fb66e4c5a72c33e","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/40fe8d509cc0f16e663859a0593fe61b9132cb467134496c552a62a4b195a4ed"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"This report provides estimates of household formation and the housing stock in Canada. The report also provides an estimate of the housing gap at the national level based on the total vacancy rate.","abstract_fr":"Le pr\u00e9sent rapport pr\u00e9sente des estimations de la formation de m\u00e9nages et du stock de logements au Canada. On y trouve aussi une estimation de l\u2019\u00e9cart de l\u2019offre de logements \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en fonction du taux d\u2019inoccupation total.","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"PBO estimates suggest that household formation surged above pre-pandemic levels, reaching 460,000 (net) new households in 2023\u2014well in excess of record net housing completions of 242,000 units.","fr":"Les estimations du DPB indiquent que la formation de m\u00e9nage a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 ses niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie pour s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 460\u2009000 (net) nouveaux m\u00e9nages en 2023, beaucoup plus que le nombre net d\u2019habitations achev\u00e9es record de 242\u2009000 unit\u00e9s."}},{"content":{"en":"PBO estimates that suppressed household formation in Canada amounted to 631,000 households in 2021. That is, the number of households in 2021 in Canada would have been 631,000 (4.1 per cent) higher if attainable housing options had existed.","fr":"Le DPB estime que la non-formation de m\u00e9nages au Canada s\u2019\u00e9tablissait \u00e0 631\u2009000 m\u00e9nages en 2021. Autrement dit, le nombre de m\u00e9nages en 2021 au Canada aurait compt\u00e9 631\u2009000 m\u00e9nages (4,1 %) de plus si des options de logement accessibles avaient exist\u00e9."}},{"content":{"en":"Based on PBO estimates, the total vacancy rate in Canada (the number of vacant units, for sale or rent, relative to the housing stock) reached a record low of 5.1 per cent in 2023\u20141.8 percentage points below its 2000-2019 average of 6.9 per cent.","fr":"Selon les estimations du DPB, le taux d\u2019inoccupation total au Canada (le nombre de logements vacants, \u00e0 vendre ou \u00e0 louer par rapport au stock total de logements) a atteint un creux record de 5,1 % en 2023, soit 1,8 point de pourcentage de moins que sa moyenne de 6,9 % de 2000 \u00e0 2019."}},{"content":{"en":"Under PBO\u2019s status quo baseline outlook, over 2024 to 2030, household formation outpaces net completions (272,000 households versus 255,000 units annually, on average). This imbalance pushes the total vacancy rate lower to 3.9 per cent in 2025, before stabilizing at around 4.0 per cent by 2030.","fr":"Selon les perspectives de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du statu quo du DPB, de 2024 \u00e0 2030, la formation de m\u00e9nages prend une avance consid\u00e9rable sur le nombre net d\u2019habitations achev\u00e9es (272\u2009000 m\u00e9nages contre 255\u2009000 logements annuellement en moyenne). Ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre donne lieu \u00e0 une baisse du taux d\u2019inoccupation total, qui s\u2019\u00e9tablira \u00e0 3,9 % en 2025 avant de se stabiliser \u00e0 4,0 % environ d\u2019ici 2030."}},{"content":{"en":"Relative to PBO\u2019s baseline outlook, 1.3 million additional units\u2014181,000 annually, on average\u2014would need to be completed by 2030 to eliminate Canada\u2019s housing gap, accounting for suppressed household formation.","fr":"Par rapport aux perspectives de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du DPB, il faudrait construire 1,3 million de logements additionnels, soit 181\u2009000 par ann\u00e9e en moyenne, d\u2019ici 2030 afin d\u2019\u00e9liminer l\u2019\u00e9cart de l\u2019offre de logement du Canada, en tenant compte de la non-formation de m\u00e9nages."}},{"content":{"en":"Combined with the baseline outlook for completions, closing the housing gap in Canada would result in 3.1 million net housing units completed by 2030, which translates into 436,000 units completed annually, on average, over 2024 to 2030.","fr":"Conjugu\u00e9e aux perspectives de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en ce qui concerne le nombre d\u2019habitations achev\u00e9es, l\u2019\u00e9limination de l\u2019\u00e9cart de l\u2019offre de logements au Canada n\u00e9cessiterait l\u2019ach\u00e8vement net de 3,1 millions de logements d\u2019ici 2030, ce qui est \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 l\u2019ach\u00e8vement de 436\u2009000 logements par ann\u00e9e en moyenne de 2024 \u00e0 2030."}}]},"bills":[],"files":[{"id":2495,"created_at":"2024-04-10T08:37:02-04:00","updated_at":"2024-04-11T09:52:23-04:00","fileable_id":794,"fileable_type":"App\\Publication","mime":"application\/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","document_type":"supplementary_data","description_en":"Figure data","description_fr":"Donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es dans les 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2022","slug":"RP-2223-023-S--federal-program-spending-housing-in-2022--depenses-federales-programmes-consacrees-logement-2022","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2223-023-S--federal-program-spending-housing-in-2022--depenses-federales-programmes-consacrees-logement-2022","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2223-023-S--federal-program-spending-housing-in-2022--depenses-federales-programmes-consacrees-logement-2022"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2223-023-S--federal-program-spending-housing-in-2022--depenses-federales-programmes-consacrees-logement-2022","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2223-023-S--federal-program-spending-housing-in-2022--depenses-federales-programmes-consacrees-logement-2022"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/2bde3f9189ca47e9fa2aaaf0fd141a1561e77b5c5d724f8f0c4ee41e329be0c8"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/3cc95a6f274c439c31f11cfcc053a6d05e24e55f4e209ab57f20c583227772ff"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/939b053364e99fcfec90532e22d2c3865ff089bd426a0cd3f7938287e963b5fe","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/22436ef0d0da5ccd00d54c753dfdb32a873363e57faaacb10a2a0071448f6a30","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/faeef54774ab6f9b5021f26ab79731936234bc5a7915fd854af5e7c73edf527c","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/472ec57792678efac23972955af5e4e555eca35a539b1ef26abf073657e36c82","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/c6057f9545318f5b83f5122b175f8aabaff1118840b723b062fd67216f5fc8d4","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/eb95ec1d25f03946d7cc9d284afd48e672c1f61d16f4c72942b2018c351dc7ec","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/9a39e3712a8ed9a5769dc334935c5ab784a364cb2c4f84bbea4b5c7e78426d85","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/23f07500589082a3b05fdd7e6fb9fbc9691d486beff6d83b049e03d5d2be988a"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/7093383c3c1f023a62782e39d0cb0a75ecedff8d2b2aaceb67e74b0f7215ad6f","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ebccc839a1a12537886b787a43286181641a42c20a0f1440a78e0478f6493b09","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/e3497f0a3a86514ba16003f97438504344df0475465b971e6d82ca8f9115e76e","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/aa5968f9ccfe7b15b6cc89146df07c2462928e39b7b7ea49e43d4ff87aec49de","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/15e2406610e6132128f64b014f4e37d89ea52ca47506f185be2ff6ab21bf7741","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/c1689b16db6fbf9f4d0361bf92c1db5733d162ad2cc6a9aecdf231654a6bf3cc","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/b7185fff228b572f38cd54b7500073766162d484910cb915e3b68d57e7ed2fde","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ee9496f1d6e749c5d804bc7503b993a227ee1e649c9051f964a631de2073825b"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"In response to interest from several Members of Parliament, this self-initiated report is intended to provide an update on spending and results of federal program spending on housing affordability.","abstract_fr":"L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat manifest\u00e9 par plusieurs d\u00e9put\u00e9s a incit\u00e9 le DPB \u00e0 produire ce rapport de sa propre initiative afin de faire le point sur les d\u00e9penses f\u00e9d\u00e9rales de programmes consacr\u00e9es au logement abordable et sur les r\u00e9sultats obtenus.","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"The government\u2019s strategy to address housing affordability is part of the National Housing Strategy (NHS). The government has announced funding for the NHS over the 2018-19 to 2028-29 period of $82+ billion. PBO estimates this spending is closer to $89 billion. Roughly $7.8 billion is from new spending announced in Budget 2022 and the 2022 Fall Economic Statement. \n\nPBO highlights that not all of the $89 billion is federal spending and only a fraction of that comes at a net fiscal cost. As well, a portion is not new spending, but part of spending for pre-existing programs slated to expire over the next several years.","fr":"La strat\u00e9gie adopt\u00e9e par le gouvernement pour favoriser le logement abordable s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre de la Strat\u00e9gie nationale sur le logement (SNL). Le gouvernement avait annonc\u00e9 l\u2019octroi de 82 milliards de dollars \u00e0 la SNL pour la p\u00e9riode de 2018-2019 \u00e0 2028-2029. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les estimations du DPB, ces d\u00e9penses s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent plut\u00f4t \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 89 milliards de dollars. De cette somme, environ 7,8 milliards de dollars correspondent \u00e0 de nouvelles d\u00e9penses annonc\u00e9es dans le budget de 2022 et l\u2019\u00c9nonc\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de l\u2019automne 2022.\n\nLe DPB fait remarquer que le montant de 89 milliards de dollars ne s\u2019agit pas uniquement de d\u00e9penses f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et que seule une fraction de ces d\u00e9penses comporte un co\u00fbt budg\u00e9taire net. De plus, une part n\u2019est pas constitu\u00e9e de nouvelles d\u00e9penses, mais fait partie des d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9vues dans le cadre de programmes pr\u00e9existants qui prendront fin au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es."}},{"content":{"en":"While federal investments in addressing affordable housing and homelessness have increased, so too has the cost of residential construction, reducing the real purchasing power of federal spending.","fr":"Bien que les investissements f\u00e9d\u00e9raux dans le logement abordable et la lutte contre l\u2019itin\u00e9rance soient en hausse, le co\u00fbt de la construction de logements a augment\u00e9 aussi, ce qui r\u00e9duit le pouvoir d\u2019achat r\u00e9el des d\u00e9penses f\u00e9d\u00e9rales."}},{"content":{"en":"Across specific programs, there is no standard definition of affordability. Certain definitions can lead to the construction of units presented as \u201caffordable\u201d, but which in reality may require households to devote more than 30 per cent of their income to housing.","fr":"Aucune d\u00e9finition standard de l\u2019abordabilit\u00e9 n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie pour les diff\u00e9rents programmes. Certaines d\u00e9finitions peuvent donner lieu \u00e0 la construction de logements pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant \u00ab abordables \u00bb, alors que les m\u00e9nages pourraient en fait devoir y consacrer plus de 30 % de leur revenu."}}]},"bills":[],"files":[{"id":2157,"created_at":"2023-02-16T08:54:46-05:00","updated_at":"2023-02-16T08:54:46-05:00","fileable_id":726,"fileable_type":"App\\Publication","mime":"application\/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","document_type":"supplementary_data","description_en":null,"description_fr":null,"bilingual":false,"urls":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/347937e5fd46b72be92009abbe6ceba7d96a4a94c82d1a881f17fb575cda2642"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/f06a484a5f37ca8f1ebec69ab6dbd18b9b8af58c52a92a9b0e407efa04567614"}},"verbose_document_type":{"en":"Supplementary Data","fr":"Donn\u00e9es 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title={D\\\u0027{e}penses f\\\u0027{e}d\\\u0027{e}rales de programmes consacr\\\u0027{e}es au logement en 2022},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2023,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2223-014-S","is_published":"2022-09-29T12:57:10.000000Z","release_date":"2022-09-29T13:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-09-29T12:57:10.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2223-014-S","title_en":"House Price Assessment \u2013 Update","title_fr":"\u00c9valuation du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u2013 Mise \u00e0 jour","slug":"RP-2223-014-S--house-price-assessment-update--evaluation-prix-proprietes-mise-jour","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2223-014-S--house-price-assessment-update--evaluation-prix-proprietes-mise-jour","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2223-014-S--house-price-assessment-update--evaluation-prix-proprietes-mise-jour"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2223-014-S--house-price-assessment-update--evaluation-prix-proprietes-mise-jour","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2223-014-S--house-price-assessment-update--evaluation-prix-proprietes-mise-jour"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/ccabbe7e676a533ff044e2643532a0a670f862c0692b927843b35bc8487110df"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/f746ce731c0b8aa8348f6aa6413278447d2bfdc366f239ec452d4d83d86c094d"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/25701fbe40bc3e1230b1f4b2e5055943c6ddb31ab3ad4558c7e900f43650d782","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/2d7fd6eec49c6bdc90bb4f3072e061741b4c092ab72d0dde4dd17466414fe070","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/2ab495c776e5308a2cd3dbd51d97f75b1ea3b97b77143b5bbe4f6e8dacc53c36","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/b29406fa48e0b28a6a9fd7903bd75e4db0b90a99e0b43a7391a7391da2025d02","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/fad47dcf7246ebc41e3237f11cd28fa068bf527875e918c7a01b743cbc55b3cb","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/98a06b98f7df2fa21128800f43be3e437212dd9ad9da5dabc737f379972936c0","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/386dee45529e8e81b5a5803e93ce51af23f0c0c9bfc17b4b9b3c8334ee8fe0a1","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/91283212087ca01332b551aacd784239aac32179e39160be01fff406d3bd7147"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f5224a838e6d90674a693e632311c8bd3589ab0d061439f826c9a92a934ee157","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/0a9cd2356996eaeb261076cee95e71147092a793bc5ee55795c5364b426d0e2b","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/6a28693fab7f7b72c5d5b9bdb40da45b298cdc0114c21875e90e2f1ffb20a781","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/762a793a5176da48d9b8c20da3f8c24d45062d603b6a288833fd20c6c225bc8d","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/cea3d809215f59169b301417c3141b5f07274a835b30dc214d0d65d26d9f495c","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/3b5457d8ca423610685a64e0b939c037635541cf9adba777728ce21359093c73","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/373dcfb6b0e1069ddd68a3aaa7b06f89a03574d4f1a7514eef8436cb9b8b5d8b","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/c299fd868cce9ab63c048a9da5ddcc6828632e280b7eeeca616b8b35ff31ce98"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"This report provides an update of PBO\u2019s assessment of house prices relative to a household\u2019s capacity to borrow and pay for the purchase of a house in selected Canadian cities. In addition, to gauge the potential downward adjustment in house prices in 2022, we consider scenarios based on assumed increases in mortgage rates and household debt service ratios.","abstract_fr":"Ce rapport pr\u00e9sente une mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, par le DPB, du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages d\u2019emprunter et de payer pour l\u2019achat d\u2019une maison dans certaines villes canadiennes. De plus, afin de mesurer un potentiel rajustement \u00e0 la baisse du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en 2022, nous utilisons des sc\u00e9narios fond\u00e9s sur des hausses attendues des taux hypoth\u00e9caires et sur diff\u00e9rents ratios du service de la dette des m\u00e9nages.","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"The rapid increase in house prices during the pandemic pushed the national average price up 52 per cent to a peak of $839,600 in February 2022 from $551,100 in February 2020. The average house price has since declined by 7 per cent to $777,200 in August as mortgage rates have increased sharply.","fr":"La hausse rapide du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s durant la pand\u00e9mie a fait grimper de 52 % le prix national moyen, qui est ainsi pass\u00e9 de 551 100 $, en f\u00e9vrier 2020, \u00e0 un sommet de 839 600 $ en f\u00e9vrier 2022. Le prix moyen des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s a depuis recul\u00e9 de 7 %, passant \u00e0 777 200 $ en ao\u00fbt, parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 la forte augmentation des taux hypoth\u00e9caires."}},{"content":{"en":"We estimate that the gap between the average house price and the affordable house price nationally in August was 67 per cent. Average house prices in Hamilton, Toronto, Halifax, Ottawa, Montreal, Victoria and Vancouver were more than 50 per cent higher than their respective affordable prices.","fr":"Nous estimons que, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale, l\u2019\u00e9cart entre le prix moyen et le prix abordable des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s atteignait 67 % en ao\u00fbt. \u00c0 Hamilton, Toronto, Halifax, Ottawa, Montr\u00e9al, Victoria et Vancouver, le prix moyen des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s surpassait de plus de 50 % les niveaux abordables estim\u00e9s."}},{"content":{"en":"To gauge the potential downward adjustment in house prices in 2022, we construct scenarios based on assumed increases in mortgage rates (to 6.25 per cent for the 5-year fixed rate) over the remainder of 2022 and assumed household debt service ratios. Our scenarios imply price declines at the national level (relative to peak) ranging from 12 per cent to 23 per cent by the end of this year.","fr":"Afin de mesurer un potentiel rajustement \u00e0 la baisse du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en 2022, nous avons \u00e9tabli des sc\u00e9narios fond\u00e9s sur des hausses attendues des taux hypoth\u00e9caires (qui passeraient \u00e0 6,25 % dans le cas du taux fixe de 5 ans) pour le reste de 2022 et sur diff\u00e9rents ratios du service de la dette des m\u00e9nages. Dans nos sc\u00e9narios, nous estimons que d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, les prix \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale diminueraient de 12 % \u00e0 23 % (par rapport au sommet)."}}]},"bills":[],"files":[{"id":2097,"created_at":"2022-09-29T12:18:38-04:00","updated_at":"2022-09-29T12:18:38-04:00","fileable_id":707,"fileable_type":"App\\Publication","mime":"application\/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","document_type":"supplementary_data","description_en":"Supplementary Data - Affordable house prices for average household, selected CMAs","description_fr":"Supplementary Data - Prix abordables pour le m\u00e9nage moyen, RMR s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es","bilingual":true,"urls":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/8f75c75cc1dab7dd4f2d8d884bba700b7db24b74cecf3f21b20a5d993bd9ae34"},"verbose_document_type":{"en":"Supplementary Data","fr":"Donn\u00e9es Suppl\u00e9mentaires"},"extension":"xlsx"}],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-RP2223014S,\n author={Laurin, Marianne},\n title={House Price Assessment - Update},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2022,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-RP2223014S,\n author={Laurin, Marianne},\n title={\\\u0027{E}valuation du prix des propri\\\u0027{e}t\\\u0027{e}s - Mise \\`{a} jour},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2022,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2122-029-S","is_published":"2022-02-17T14:00:09.000000Z","release_date":"2022-02-17T14:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-02-17T14:00:09.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2122-029-S","title_en":"House Price Assessment: A Borrowing Capacity Perspective","title_fr":"\u00c9valuation du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u2013 Un portrait de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt","slug":"RP-2122-029-S--house-price-assessment-borrowing-capacity-perspective--evaluation-prix-proprietes-un-portrait-capacite-emprunt","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2122-029-S--house-price-assessment-borrowing-capacity-perspective--evaluation-prix-proprietes-un-portrait-capacite-emprunt","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2122-029-S--house-price-assessment-borrowing-capacity-perspective--evaluation-prix-proprietes-un-portrait-capacite-emprunt"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2122-029-S--house-price-assessment-borrowing-capacity-perspective--evaluation-prix-proprietes-un-portrait-capacite-emprunt","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2122-029-S--house-price-assessment-borrowing-capacity-perspective--evaluation-prix-proprietes-un-portrait-capacite-emprunt"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/785783963a71613e7b560358ac7043a18300b26e53fffc2469543c1f13299989"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/dcc780f1a5a243d75d75d39335c535cb10029a023af33f3502ab87628fa01063"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/5df06b2e6fd0bc96d6c3ba72ac6efe98baf0a8dbbbefc4c45d6f3527e0b5731d","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ab073c78653237bf6ec41fefee4b588af9b586f837cc11ad90d106f2dfd247ec","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/df0a3dd0e975075909c402708975583a03cc061663ad036b07fcf4cc28262beb","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/bd6245bcc4680166426225c5977fb1d14d0d7e31c278a8058074c816600c92c4","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/68faf2bf5fd5a5be015c12aaae72375b3c51e8970f1d2f1a7ebae0a2d5778a44","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/e1c12ce3cc7a88554cbf01355b372ab17ebf9b316cba4551619b941bb6bfdd07","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/2de79b91d7148cad87eb7f287f1507c9660051848065e7d2d15dcbdff1ade16c","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/62427ee29a4a6e07869b49a00990b4ec55946337570b3316ebf24fe6c8e676b3"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/89be24fcca51102bd68c17faaddb6d56cf44ad960ee624b5023444adaf6b95c3","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/32fe26ca936946d5e866765f7b19edcf2377c3a06898fb7d321f27d55615dfca","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/945db5bb2bca16c51da29f28ceba3ea79b7326f9432da7fc93c19ec83774b104","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/05054378adced749acea1b5107ec2bfa5219593520af8e7f9f02a19584f511ce","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/2a10e336ee0e686fd9eac0030224933260261ab251973e3b93213537f8e88b5a","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/03663ba04ce574bd38ce52d34e87523450898858179eaca5f8c142bbe68f40fa","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/cc1de44b819438275c47defab6f6ef66f045a1f50d327dcba2b50c504607ed96","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f861b27d432488d2539fcc8f556983c5e229b96c0f1cbb9ff5bde248c65c0afb"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"This report provides an assessment of house prices relative to a household\u2019s capacity to borrow and pay for the purchase of a house in selected Canadian cities.","abstract_fr":"Ce rapport pr\u00e9sente une \u00e9valuation du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages d\u2019emprunter et de payer pour l\u2019achat d\u2019une maison dans certaines villes canadiennes.","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"Beginning in 2015\u2014and prior to the pandemic\u2014house prices in several cities (Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa, Victoria, Halifax and Vancouver) \u201cde-linked\u201d from household borrowing capacity, rising 20 per cent, or higher, above affordable prices.","fr":"\u00c0 partir de 2015, et avant la pand\u00e9mie, le prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s dans plusieurs villes (Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa, Victoria, Halifax et Vancouver) s\u2019est \u00ab dissoci\u00e9 \u00bb de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt des m\u00e9nages, s\u2019\u00e9levant \u00e0 20 %, ou m\u00eame plus, au-dessus des prix abordables."}},{"content":{"en":"Household borrowing capacity increased during the pandemic due to lower interest rates and COVID-19 financial support. However, further increases in house prices far outpaced gains in borrowing capacity, resulting in wider gaps in affordability.","fr":"La capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt des m\u00e9nages a augment\u00e9 pendant la pand\u00e9mie en raison de la baisse des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et du soutien financier li\u00e9 \u00e0 la COVID-19. Toutefois, les nouvelles augmentations du prix des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s ont largement d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les gains sur le plan de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 des \u00e9carts d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 plus importants."}},{"content":{"en":"At the end of 2021, the average house price nationally was $811,700\u2014an increase of 43 per cent from December 2019 and a 97 per cent increase compared to January 2015.","fr":"\u00c0 la fin de 2021, le prix moyen des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale \u00e9tait de 811 700 $ \u2013 soit 43 % de plus qu\u2019en d\u00e9cembre 2019 et 97 % de plus qu\u2019en janvier 2015."}},{"content":{"en":"We estimate that in December 2021, average house prices in Hamilton, Toronto, Halifax and Ottawa were more than 50 per cent above affordable levels, based on household borrowing capacity.","fr":"Nous estimons que, en d\u00e9cembre 2021, le prix moyen des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 Hamilton, Toronto, Halifax et Ottawa \u00e9taient sup\u00e9rieurs de plus de 50 % aux niveaux abordables, selon la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt des m\u00e9nages."}},{"content":{"en":"While approximate, our results suggest that household financial vulnerability is elevated in several cities for households that have recently purchased homes.","fr":"Bien qu\u2019approximatifs, nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re des m\u00e9nages qui ont r\u00e9cemment achet\u00e9 une maison est \u00e9lev\u00e9e dans plusieurs 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author={Behrend, Robert and Liberge-Simard, Rapha\\\u0022{e}l},\n title={House Price Assessment: A Borrowing Capacity Perspective},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2022,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-RP2122029S,\n author={Behrend, Robert and Liberge-Simard, Rapha\\\u0022{e}l},\n title={\\\u0027{E}valuation du prix des propri\\\u0027{e}t\\\u0027{e}s - Un portrait de la capacit\\\u0027{e} d\u2019emprunt},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2022,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2122-025-S","is_published":"2021-12-17T14:00:11.000000Z","release_date":"2021-12-17T14:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2021-12-17T14:00:11.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2122-025-S","title_en":"Fiscal Analysis of Proposed Premium Reduction for Mortgage Insurance","title_fr":"Analyse financi\u00e8re du projet de baisse des primes d\u2019assurance pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire","slug":"RP-2122-025-S--fiscal-analysis-proposed-premium-reduction-mortgage-insurance--analyse-financiere-projet-baisse-primes-assurance-pret-hypothecaire","permalinks":{"en":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2122-025-S--fiscal-analysis-proposed-premium-reduction-mortgage-insurance--analyse-financiere-projet-baisse-primes-assurance-pret-hypothecaire","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\/RP-2122-025-S--fiscal-analysis-proposed-premium-reduction-mortgage-insurance--analyse-financiere-projet-baisse-primes-assurance-pret-hypothecaire"},"fr":{"website":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2122-025-S--fiscal-analysis-proposed-premium-reduction-mortgage-insurance--analyse-financiere-projet-baisse-primes-assurance-pret-hypothecaire","preview":"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/fr\/publications\/RP-2122-025-S--fiscal-analysis-proposed-premium-reduction-mortgage-insurance--analyse-financiere-projet-baisse-primes-assurance-pret-hypothecaire"}},"artifacts":{"main":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/4128f9f35f024e7208563dca798e36747e1b71ebff32fb19a1942c30479f67bc"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca\/dc73e38003a4644ceace8a57262d3612a082889b20b9ecac89d3f567d89f16f7"}}},"coverpages":{"distribution":{"fr":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/660bd4a342a2cbaec72bafa495a7df578d545cf825b38b4b15a33e480a28ac65","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/94ed0ececa9e5396572e36bed35889d347c00f646491856076a7f7033f6e78d7","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/11ebdbd6ba313a6ac68e5be3b773aadd2ed0e391217e5ec3ab14e9a45e1466b6","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/dd27ca3e19d9f8b22583ee4569745be2e68d794ee598ab82834ccf28e3171c28","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/d552b6566e701b200903f76cbb2fe4ee756fc1fc130207a811846c1d108ea619","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/f231446ae5fa8114906f5a9eb4e3dedd31cb12f9446f9f6cd60a114503cb453f","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/68154d627c7afb037a54330ddccaad129b7aae3f4cf459670bd0d3b3ad510acf","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/b13bf224f0bdd99697e143aa655c669caf2c51cfb3d409ef75fbf84a68be3399"},"en":{"small":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/ea94dbb57d0cc0a31e7407993bd73afe58bfe98f4db8cc37ffaaa17226d7ea01","large":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/062da5fe15ad378d61fa78b5e6e719653786dbca3c7d653064b1744104b33c01","h150_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/913500b876abca9614f867c6f0ec90c02209cd5161fb024550eb20d222aa51ec","h150_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/bd4d676e6c578253a33d1b7b9dae4be92a58507e230c7258ad286ed70057ec83","h300_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/8ecbaaddbcadbcc61a43aa3cdc981d71ec09cd624811e99b9a2f4c2da2260908","h300_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/7a96e491837057abcd48d0522adb7bb79d7a8303719384266b5afed6f6537710","h600_png_optimized":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/890ce5de788ca5ed07beac3f0d0c198067b6fa84338df95a5b0d1e57871115b7","h600_webp":"https:\/\/distribution-i696d61676573.pbo-dpb.ca\/803d45216752ac5245fbda3b8ecaab59b52c39f7891594f7c25a96a0b6ac13ea"}}},"metadata":{"abstract_en":"This note provides fiscal analysis of the Government\u2019s proposal to reduce mortgage insurance premiums collected by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC).","abstract_fr":"La pr\u00e9sente note fournit une analyse financi\u00e8re de la proposition du gouvernement de r\u00e9duire les primes d\u2019assurance pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire per\u00e7ues par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ques et de logement (SCHL).","highlights":[{"content":{"en":"The Liberal Party of Canada\u2019s 2021 electoral platform proposed a 25% decrease in the mortgage insurance premiums charged by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) while also increasing maximum insurable sale price to $1.25 million, which is to subsequently be indexed to inflation.","fr":"Dans sa plateforme \u00e9lectorale de 2021, le Parti lib\u00e9ral du Canada a propos\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire de 25 % les primes d\u2019assurance pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire exig\u00e9es par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ques et de logement (SCHL) tout en portant \u00e0 1,25 million de dollars le prix de vente maximum assurable, montant qui doit \u00eatre index\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019inflation par la suite."}},{"content":{"en":"PBO analysis finds that the cost of this measure will be $1.4 billion over five fiscal years.","fr":"D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019analyse du DPB, cette mesure co\u00fbtera 1,4 milliards de dollars sur cinq ans."}},{"content":{"en":"PBO estimates that this measure would provide the average home buyer a one-time savings of $5,341 in 2022-2023, increasing to $5,863 in 2026-2027.","fr":"Le DPB \u00e9value \u00e0 5 341 $ l\u2019\u00e9conomie ponctuelle que pourrait r\u00e9aliser l\u2019acheteur moyen en 2022-2023, \u00e9conomie qui passerait \u00e0 5 863 $ en 2026-2027."}},{"content":{"en":"Having considered alternative scenarios PBO does not anticipate that CMHC will be able to increase the number of homes it insures or its market share to the point where the policy would be revenue neutral.","fr":"Ayant examin\u00e9 d\u2019autres sc\u00e9narios, le DPB ne croit pas que la SCHL pourra augmenter le nombre des maisons qu\u2019elle assure ou sa part de march\u00e9 au point de compenser l\u2019incidence de la politique sur les recettes."}}]},"bills":[],"files":[{"id":1905,"created_at":"2021-12-23T09:00:24-05:00","updated_at":"2021-12-23T10:53:43-05:00","fileable_id":640,"fileable_type":"App\\Publication","mime":"application\/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","document_type":"supplementary_data","description_en":null,"description_fr":null,"bilingual":false,"urls":{"en":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/cdc7366d1a6a69323f6047360da8f4f622c1ab50ad76f261d7b82cc148465f0d"},"fr":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/0e0abe726dca8c37bbc5e6b93e4fd07566a864ff052725594b2c7d9ba292e47f"}},"verbose_document_type":{"en":"Supplementary 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report is intended to help parliamentarians understand federal program spending on housing affordability. It provides an update on our 2019 report, Federal Program Spending on Housing Affordability in response to questions raised by parliamentarians.\n\nThe planned spending profile for some of the programs identified in this report are dependent on final program design being confirmed.","abstract_fr":"Ce rapport vise \u00e0 aider les parlementaires \u00e0 comprendre les d\u00e9penses f\u00e9d\u00e9rales de programmes consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019abordabilit\u00e9 du logement. Nous y pr\u00e9sentons une mise \u00e0 jour de notre rapport de 2019, intitul\u00e9 D\u00e9penses f\u00e9d\u00e9rales de programmes consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019abordabilit\u00e9 du logement, afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs questions.\n\nLe profil des d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9vues de certains programmes mentionn\u00e9s dans ce rapport d\u00e9pend de la confirmation de leur structure finale.","highlights":null},"bills":[],"files":[{"id":1796,"created_at":"2021-09-09T10:40:49-04:00","updated_at":"2021-09-09T10:40:49-04:00","fileable_id":520,"fileable_type":"App\\Publication","mime":"application\/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","document_type":"supplementary_data","description_en":null,"description_fr":null,"bilingual":true,"urls":{"public":"https:\/\/pbo-dpb.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com\/files--fichiers\/3ce54202780180486ccd55ffd82892176d4924836d2ea73bee71923e8e5ecf09"},"verbose_document_type":{"en":"Supplementary Data","fr":"Donn\u00e9es Suppl\u00e9mentaires"},"extension":"xlsx"}],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-RP2122014S,\n author={Segel-Brown, Ben and Liberge-Simard, Rapha\\\u0022{e}l},\n title={Federal Program Spending on Housing Affordability in 2021},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2021,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-RP2122014S,\n author={Segel-Brown, Ben and Liberge-Simard, Rapha\\\u0022{e}l},\n title={D\\\u0027{e}penses f\\\u0027{e}d\\\u0027{e}rales de programmes consacr\\\u0027{e}es \\`{a} l\u2019abordabilit\\\u0027{e} du logement en 2021},\n institution={Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget},\n year=2021,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}"}} {"id":"RP-2021-039-C","is_published":"2021-02-11T14:00:04.000000Z","release_date":"2021-02-11T14:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2021-02-11T14:00:04.000000Z","type":"RP","internal_id":"RP-2021-039-C","title_en":"Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous 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report was prepared at the request of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities.","abstract_fr":"Le pr\u00e9sent rapport a \u00e9t\u00e9 produit \u00e0 la demande du Comit\u00e9 permanent des ressources humaines, du d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences, du d\u00e9veloppement social et de la condition des personnes handicap\u00e9es de la Chambre des communes.","highlights":null},"bills":[],"files":[],"images":[],"bibtex":{"en":"@techreport{PBO-RP2021039C,\n author={Nicol, Caroline and Segel-Brown, Ben and Mohamed Ahmed, Salma},\n title={Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing},\n institution={The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer},\n year=2021,\n \n address = \u0022Ottawa, ON\u0022\n}","fr":"@techreport{DPB-RP2021039C,\n author={Nicol, Caroline and Segel-Brown, Ben and Mohamed Ahmed, Salma},\n title={Logement pour les Autochtones vivant en milieu urbain, rural et nordique},\n 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